Металокерамічні коронки
Dental disease is best treated at an early stage as it costs less time, effort and money. But if you do not see a dentist as soon as you notice caries, the situation can get much worse and lead to the development of deep caries.
Causes of deep caries
Deep caries is the final stage with extensive damage to the enamel, internal tissues and dentin. It causes pain when eating, when exposed to different temperatures and the pulp becomes inflamed. The caries quickly progresses to a deep form, leaving almost no healthy tooth. Food, bacteria and infection collect in the hole, causing additional pain. It is extremely difficult to treat and restore the function and aesthetics of such a tooth.
First, caries forms in the early stages, then progresses to medium and deep stages. If the problem is not removed from the beginning, deep caries requires serious and complex treatment.
In most cases, deep caries develops either as a progression of medium caries or under a poorly placed filling (where the development is difficult to see). The main causes are:
- poor oral hygiene;
- incorrect bite;
- lack of fluoride and calcium in the body;
- consumption of foods that provoke the appearance of caries;
- disturbance of the microflora in the oral cavity.
- weakened immunity or problems in the endocrine system;
- heredity;
- bad hygiene of hard tissues;
- diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract.
The main symptom is considered to be severe pain that occurs when interacting with irritants such as sweet or sour, hot or cold, clenched teeth with force, or eating food that is too hard. Once the irritant is removed, the pain often goes away.
Almost all people have or have had problems with tooth enamel, so you should not be upset if you have caries. All this is correctable, and modern dentists can treat even the most neglected, deep-seated forms of the disease. If you have symptoms and acute pain, it is better to see a specialist. He will make a full diagnosis based on the patient's complaints and, if necessary, carry out thermodiagnostic, radiographic or radiovisiographic studies to eliminate all symptoms caused by deep caries.
Complications of deep caries
The dentin separates the cavity from the nerve-vascular bundle. Deep caries is very close to the nerve of the tooth and if it progresses it will lead to pulpitis. This causes severe pain and a "throbbing" sensation in the pulp. Unpleasant symptoms can radiate to the head and temples.
Radiovisiography and x-ray diagnostics of the oral cavity make it possible to assess the depth of damage to the enamel and soft tissues and to detect acute inflammatory processes in the tissues. Inflammation can spread to neighbouring teeth, and caries can also affect the enamel of other teeth and spread rapidly throughout the mouth.
In addition to treating deep caries, treatment for pulpitis or nerve extraction may be necessary.
The disease can progress to a chronic form. Chronic deep caries is a non-fast, permanent disease of the tooth enamel that destroys the tooth tissue, with occasional remissions. Over a long period of time, it is likely to develop into an acute form, destroying the tooth completely. In this case, the tooth cannot be saved and must be replaced. There may be bad breath, pus in the soft tissues and bleeding gums.
If the tooth walls are not strong, cracks and fissures may appear in the enamel, and sometimes the crown may break off.
When deep caries appears, it is necessary to consult a dentist, do not put it off, do not self-medicate and do not ignore the problem. It can affect your general health or lead to blood poisoning and death. The dentist should help the patient in time to remove all caries and defects.
Diagnosis
Dental therapist makes a comprehensive diagnosis of deep caries through examination, instrumental tests, taking the patient's history and listening to the patient's complaints and symptoms. Once the visible lesions have been detected, it is necessary to find the invisible ones that lurk deep inside, such as nerve inflammation.
The doctor may use the technique of thermodiagnosis, i.e. testing sensitivity to hot and cold. To determine the sensitivity and reaction of the pulp, electro-odontodiagnostics is used, in which a current of 2-6 µA is applied to the pulp.
In the case of deep secondary caries, the dentist uses radiovisiography or X-rays. This makes it possible to assess the depth of tissue damage and inflammation in the peri-dental area. On the x-ray you can see 1-3 teeth, which gives you an idea of the general picture of deep caries.
The main purpose of the diagnosis is to distinguish deep caries from other dental diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment of deep caries without pulpitis
With the correct diagnosis of the type of lesion and the right approach, it is possible to save the patient's tooth and prevent pulpitis and periodontitis. If the damage to the crown is not severe, a filling is applied, but if the enamel is completely destroyed and cannot be restored, then the option of tooth extraction is considered and an artificial crown is applied, which resembles the natural tooth as much as possible in order to preserve its beauty and functionality.
In good clinics, the treatment of deep caries takes place in several stages.
The very first stage is, of course, a consultation with a dentist and a thorough diagnosis of the dental disease. After a detailed analysis, consultation with relevant specialists and study of the data obtained, the doctor will develop an optimal treatment plan suitable for the patient.
The second stage is to prepare the tooth for the dental intervention. For this purpose, the oral cavity is sanitised and the teeth are cleaned. The affected area of the tooth is then isolated from saliva and other undesirable substances during the work.
The third stage involves the main treatment - removal of deep caries. For this purpose the following steps should be taken:
- Preparation of the infected tooth enamel.
- Cleaning the tissues, sometimes with additional root canal treatment.
- Monitoring the treatment with a caries marker to detect even the smallest remnants of caries in the tooth tissue.
After removal, a filling is placed - stage 4. For this purpose, the working area is treated with special substances and disinfected, which significantly improves the adhesion of the filling material. The cavity is then filled with the material and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp until the filling hardens and reaches hardness. It is then polished and ground to prevent plaque from accumulating on the smooth surface. The filling replaces the hard tissue of the tooth.
The final step is a thorough inspection of the filling. The dentist corrects the filling, checks the quality of the work and, if necessary, performs additional manipulations with the crown to achieve an ideal and comfortable result for the patient. There should be no pain, discomfort or unpleasant sensations after any procedure. If any of the above symptoms occur, the patient should inform the dentist so that the problem can be treated.
Treatment of deep caries with pulp lesions
If the soft tissue diagnosis reveals acute, throbbing pain symptoms, pulp lesions, the dentist must remove the dental nerve. Therefore, the first two stages do not differ in principle, but the third stage has its own changes in the form of treatment, which includes work with nerve endings. Here, the dentist has to work with pulpitis and root canals. In this case, the dentist performs the following procedures:
- Pulp removal.
- Mechanical treatment, rinsing and obturation of the canals.
- Placement of medication or restorative inlay into the cavity as required.
- Treatment of the treated area.
After treating pulpitis, the dentist will also place a filling material into the resulting cavity to create a filling.
Please note that in the first few days after dental treatment, the patient may feel some pain due to the disruption of fluid circulation. This is normal and will disappear in a few days. If the pain increases and does not go away after 4-5 days, it is necessary to return to the dentist to find the cause and eliminate it.
Choice of filling
The quality of the filling affects the quality of the work done and the cost. However, it is important to remember that the professionalism of the dentist plays an important role. Even with the best foreign material, the result can be negative if deep caries are treated incorrectly. The carious surface may not be completely cleaned and the disease will continue to progress.
If you violate the technique of installation, the filling can literally fall out after some time.
The main types of fillings are cement, glass ionomer, polycarbonate, acrylic, metal, epoxy, ceramic and photopolymer. At present, photopolymer fillings are very popular for removing deep caries. They are strong and durable, and also have an attractive and aesthetic appearance, such material can be used to create the perfect shape. It is possible to use several types of material at the same time to achieve the desired result.
Prevention and avoidance of deep caries
In order to avoid a worsening of the situation, the appearance of acute pain and caries problems, it is important to follow some simple rules. Of course, it is important to pay attention to oral hygiene, to visit the dentist in time and systematically, to avoid eating sweets and drinks with sugar. In the early and middle stages, it is much easier to carry out treatment that will prevent the appearance of a deep form of caries.
It is advisable to visit the dentist at least once every six months for an examination and professional cleaning of plaque, in order to treat caries in their early stages, before they become acutely painful. Eat a correct and balanced diet, do not allow a lack of minerals, vitamins, calcium. If the body lacks these components, the doctor can prescribe the necessary drugs to increase the indicators in the body to prevent the appearance of caries in the future and not bring it to a deep level.
Choosing a clinic for deep caries treatment
Treatment should be carried out professionally and in accordance with all regulations to ensure a quality result and eliminate the symptoms of the disease. Choose proven clinics with experienced doctors who know their business. Patients can have a consultation without treatment and then make a decision.
It is not a bad option to read patient reviews. This will give you an overall picture of the performance of a particular clinic. A good place should treat any form of illness, even the most serious cases. In today's world of new technology, nothing is impossible.
Treatment of teeth and caries is undoubtedly first and foremost about health, but you should not forget about beauty. A good specialist will not only cure you of carious enamel damage, acute pain and inflamed nerves, but will also make an attractive shape and colour of the filling that will not stand out among other teeth.
At the first consultation, the doctor will tell you in detail about which teeth need to be treated first, about the condition of your gums and about which design you need to choose in order to fill in the missing teeth.
About what actions and manipulations need to be carried out. Learn how to take good care of your mouth so you don't have to go to the dentist as often as possible.
After discussing the above aspects, your dentist will draw up a treatment plan, guide you by the stages, timing, cost of the upcoming treatment, make, if necessary, computer diagnostics of the teeth and make an appointment for you at a convenient time for you to start treatment.
It is worth restoring a lost tooth as early as possible, because delaying such a process can lead to unpleasant health consequences and undesirable costs in the future.
Patients who seek help for tooth loss too late unwittingly start the process of destruction of other adjacent teeth, because the load during chewing is not evenly distributed.
Dental implantation is one of the most reliable and effective procedures that allows you to restore one or more teeth.
The method of dental implantation is now very popular, because it helps patients to restore lost teeth both in the upper and lower jaws without grinding pine teeth, which is always carried out during prosthetics (crowns).
With implantation, the number of lost teeth does not matter. Dental implantation is considered to be the only right way out of care for everyone, because the healing rate of implants today is over 99%!
