Osteoplasty for implants
It is not possible to implement such a process as dentures by using implants if there is a deficit of bone tissue in the place where there are damages or defects of a number of teeth. Today it is possible to solve this problem. Every patient who consults a dentist with this problem undergoes a surgical procedure that involves bone augmentation. Quite often, specialists resort to the process of biological stimulation, in which bone regeneration takes place. Osteoplastics belongs to the category of modern trends in dentistry, which began to actively develop after the appearance of implantology. Due to the various types of osteoplastics today, dentists are able to perform implantology in cases where there is both severe and inconsequential bone resorption.
Indications for performing the procedure associated with augmentation
When considering such a process as atrophy of the jaw bone tissue, it is worth noting that it is associated with such processes as tooth extraction or tooth destruction. Among the constituent elements of the tooth are the root and the crown. The fixation of the roots takes place in a special alveolar process. Nourishment of the bone is provided by nerve fibers and blood vessels, and which completely penetrate all the adjacent tissues. The volume and density of the alveolar process itself depends on many factors. In the first place, it is worth referring to the load that is exerted during the process of chewing.
As soon as a person encounters a process such as the extraction of one or more teeth, there is a significant decrease in the pressure on the bone in the empty space. This leads to a significant decrease in tissue tone, and there is an automatic process of resorption. If we consider the lower jaw, however, the regeneration process begins 6-12 months after the teeth have been lost. On the upper jaw, the process is quicker and takes about 3 months.
Bone tissue can be affected by three types of atrophy:
- vertical - there is a decrease in height in the place where the tooth was pulled out, the ridge will be located much lower, if you take into account the edges of the gums of those teeth that are next to it);
- horizontal - the bone is reduced in width (the ridge becomes as narrow as possible);
- combined - there is a simultaneous reduction in height and narrowing of the bone.
If one of the above mentioned types of atrophy is present, there is a need for such a procedure as osteoplasty. The main purpose of this surgery is to increase the volume parameters of the jawbone in order to create a special bed in which the implant will be implanted. Osteoplasty itself can be performed separately or in conjunction with an implant. Here, it is worth considering both the treatment methods and the clinical indications in each case. Many patients who undergo this procedure regain their own dental function as well as a beautiful smile.
Contraindications
- Osteoporosis.
- Presence of oncological diseases.
- Hemophilia.
- Infectious diseases in the body.
- Immunodeficiency disorders.
This type of surgery is also strictly contraindicated for women during lactation or pregnancy.
Types of bone substitutes
In modern dentistry, all kinds of bone replacement materials are quite actively used, which have different origins. Depending on what the method of osteoplasty and degenerative changes are, a particular material is selected.
For a procedure such as dental implants, various possibilities for the augmentation procedure can be used. This can be the use of both synthesized and biological varieties of materials. These can be commercially available in the form of pellets, various porous membranes and already prepared bone blocks.
Among the key substitutes used as bone tissue are the following:
- alogenic - this is donor material that is taken from a stranger;
- autogenous - these are special grafts that are harvested directly from the patient himself;
- alloplastic - substitutes of the synthesized type, which are made on the basis of such a component as calcium phosphate;
- xenogenic - these are bone-type substitutes, which can be in the form of granules or blocks, which are made using bone of animal origin;
- collagen membranes are special collagen, which is of animal origin and can be used for rebuilding bone or stimulating its growth.
The main techniques used in the process of osteoplasty
Four technologies are used in practice.
Splitting of the bone ridge
The indication for this technique is the need for multiple prostheses if bone atrophy occurs in terms of thickness.
The operation consists of the following steps:
- implementation of a clavicular incision of the gums;
- the alveolar process is sawn off at length;
- using special drilling tools, which have different diameters, the obtained hole is enlarged;
- placement of the selected implants;
- filling, using a natural or synthetic bone substitute, of the obtained holes;
- installation of a resorbable membrane;
- suturing of the traumatized gum;
- after the osteoplasty procedure, after 3-6 months, temporary crowns are placed.
The advantages of the chosen method include:
- the process of tissue repair is the fastest possible;
- the possibility of carrying out a plastic surgery procedure by using only one surgical procedure;
- patients do not have to have tissue sampling for the procedure.
Bone block transplantation
The indication for this procedure is atrophy with high rates of bone damage.
In order to perform this procedure the following steps are necessary:
- preparation of the area in which the gingiva is incised, followed by the preparation of the bed;
- bone sampling, which will be used in the transplantation process;
- the procedure of autograft grafting, which is fixed with the use of titanium screws;
- installation of a collagen type membrane;
- suturing;
- about six months after the procedure, the implant is placed.
The key advantage of this technology is the insignificant reduction of the alveolar process.
Directional regeneration
Directional regeneration is used when the degree of reduction of the alveolar process is insignificant.
The main steps to be followed for bone augmentation include the following:
- the implementation of a gingival incision, which provides free access to the bone;
- the procedure of insertion of an indirect xenogeneic substitute;
- the application of a special collagen two-ball membrane to the area where the osteoplasty was performed;
- suturing.
The main advantage of this technology is that there is no need to perform additional procedures related to the taking of donor material. It is also possible to perform osteoplasty together with implantation at the same time.
Sinus elevator procedure
The sinus elevator technique is appropriate when there is a need for a significant increase in bone volume in the area where molars and premolars grow, and before the teeth on the upper jaw are replaced.
Depending on what the chosen method of sinus elevator will be, the duration of the rehabilitation period and the price of the procedure is determined.
Here we can distinguish:
- Open - this method is suitable only for the category of patients in whom a large amount of bone deficiency was determined in the process of diagnosis. The surgical intervention itself is performed from the cheek side. Before the installation of the implant, at least six months should pass after the implementation of such an operation. The recovery process itself is also quite long;
- Closed - with the choice of this method, bone substitute is laid on the side of the wells directly in the process of such a procedure as implantation. If the height of the alveolar process is about 5-8 mm, you can resort to this technology. The advantages of this technique are the ability to heal quickly and the low amount of work involved.
Cost of jaw bone augmentation procedure
When appointing such a procedure as bone augmentation, there is a need to familiarize yourself with the preliminary cost. The price is calculated taking into account such nuances:
- The technology used for bone grafting;
- The degree of bone resorption;
- The type of bone substitute used.
It is worth noting that when using different bone substitutes for augmentation, their price will be different.
Dental clinic Denta-PRO provides highly qualified services for dental restoration and performance of such effective procedure as osteoplasty. After the examination, diagnosis and additional examinations, the dentist selects the most convenient method of restoration for each patient and calculates the preliminary price of the procedures.
At the first consultation, the doctor will tell you in detail about which teeth need to be treated first, about the condition of your gums and about which design you need to choose in order to fill in the missing teeth.
About what actions and manipulations need to be carried out. Learn how to take good care of your mouth so you don't have to go to the dentist as often as possible.
After discussing the above aspects, your dentist will draw up a treatment plan, guide you by the stages, timing, cost of the upcoming treatment, make, if necessary, computer diagnostics of the teeth and make an appointment for you at a convenient time for you to start treatment.
It is worth restoring a lost tooth as early as possible, because delaying such a process can lead to unpleasant health consequences and undesirable costs in the future.
Patients who seek help for tooth loss too late unwittingly start the process of destruction of other adjacent teeth, because the load during chewing is not evenly distributed.
Dental implantation is one of the most reliable and effective procedures that allows you to restore one or more teeth.
The method of dental implantation is now very popular, because it helps patients to restore lost teeth both in the upper and lower jaws without grinding pine teeth, which is always carried out during prosthetics (crowns).
With implantation, the number of lost teeth does not matter. Dental implantation is considered to be the only right way out of care for everyone, because the healing rate of implants today is over 99%!
